Measure Every Tonne of CO₂e Across Your Value Chain

The GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, adopted by more than 90% of Fortune 500 companies that publicly disclose emissions, organises an organisation's greenhouse gas profile into three distinct Scopes. Scope 1 captures direct emissions from owned or controlled sources — on-site fuel combustion, company vehicle fleets, and fugitive industrial releases. Scope 2 addresses indirect emissions from purchased electricity, heat, steam, and cooling. Scope 3 is the most expansive category, encompassing all other value chain emissions: upstream raw material extraction and supplier activities, employee commuting and business travel, downstream product use, and end-of-life treatment. For most organisations, Scope 3 alone accounts for more than 70% of their total carbon footprint — making it both the greatest opportunity and the most complex measurement challenge.

Accurate carbon accounting depends on the quality and traceability of the emission factors applied to activity data. ECOT draws on verified, regularly updated emission factor databases — including IPCC Assessment Reports, the US EPA emissions factors library, the UK Government's DEFRA/DESNZ conversion factors, and the International Energy Agency's electricity grid intensities — to convert raw activity data into CO₂e figures. The platform supports both spend-based and activity-based calculation methods, allowing organisations to progressively improve the accuracy of their Scope 3 measurements as supplier-specific data becomes available. Calculation audits are fully logged, providing the traceability that external assurance providers require.